花岗岩单轴压缩侧向变形及脆性破坏机制实验研究

为研究花岗岩侧向变形及脆性破坏机制,对花岗岩试件进行单轴压缩实验。利用动态应变采集系统、数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)和显微观测手段,记录并分析花岗岩试件在单轴压缩过程中的宏观侧向应变、局部侧向应变以及破裂面形貌,并与水泥砂浆试件的破坏过程对比,讨论了花岗岩脆性破坏机制。实验与分析结果表明:(1)花岗岩试件在加载初期发生侧向收缩变形,产生并发展于压密阶段,消失于线弹性阶段初期,这主要由于试件内部裂纹闭合造成的;此后,宏观侧向应变持续增长,当侧向应变与轴向应变之比接近0.5时试件破坏;(2)在峰值载荷前很长一段时间内,局部侧向应变在一定范围内波动,临近试件破坏时局部侧向应变最大值和最小值均出现较大幅度的波动,二者差值迅速增大,试件不均匀程度增大,最终导致试件破坏;(3)在峰值载荷前有无塑性屈服阶段是峰值载荷后脆性破坏程度的重要影响因素,而宏观裂纹的贯通程度是峰值载荷后应力降大小的决定因素。     

贵东岩体X荧光光谱、等离子体质谱分析结果及其对岩体演化的指示意义

粤北贵东岩体是由形成于早侏罗世(燕山一期)的粗粒黑云母花岗岩、晚侏罗世(燕山三期)的中细粒二云母或白云母花岗岩、早白垩世(燕山四期)石英正长岩组成的复式岩体。不同期次花岗岩进行X荧光光谱和等离子体质谱测试结果显示：(1)同期岩体自上而下具有硅碱组分降低,铁镁含量组分和LREE,LREE/HREE及(La/Yb),N值总体升高的变化趋势;(2)复式岩体从早期到晚期,岩体的硅碱组分逐渐升高,而∑REE,LREE/HREE,(La/Yb)_N及δEu值则逐渐降低,稀土配分曲线由右倾型向海鸥型过渡,表明复式岩体的形成是地壳岩石多次原地熔融(重熔)的结果;(3)微量元素组成同样反映复式岩体形成是地壳岩石多次原地熔融(重熔)的结果;多次熔融(重熔)导致晚期岩体U丰度和U/Th比值升高,故该区铀矿床的形成多与燕山晚期的熔融(重熔)事件有关。     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩稀土元素特征

研究萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩（A型、 I型）的稀土元素特征. 两类花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学特征明显不同, 这与其所处的不同后碰撞构造演化阶段密切相关. 森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为形成于后碰撞阶段晚期挤压-拉张转换体制下的I型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用不发育, 具幔源特征. 阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为形成于后碰撞结束阶段拉张体制下的A型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用发育, 其稀土元素显示的一定的壳源特征应为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染所致.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER-COOLED GRANITE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE1)

通过对高温加热-遇水快速冷却后的花岗岩试样进行单轴和三轴实验,研究了800°C内高温花岗岩遇水快速冷却后的力学性质随温度和围压的变化规律。实验结果表明：(1)400°C为高温加热-遇水快速冷却对花岗岩力学性质影响的阈值;(2)同一温度条件下,峰值偏应力、峰值应变随围压的增大而增大;弹性模量随围压的增大先增大后减小;(3)单轴实验中,温度低于400°C时,岩样表现为复合破坏,随着温度的升高破坏形式转变为拉破坏;三轴实验中,岩样整体上表现为剪切破坏。     

广西建筑材料市场花岗岩放射性水平调查与评价

对广西5个城市建筑装修材料市场的各种花岗岩石材进行抽样,共抽取了128个花岗岩石材样品,用低本底多道γ能谱仪测定其放射性核素226 Ra,232 Th,40 K的放射性比活度、内照射指数和外照射指数,并据此进行分类,其中A类装饰装修材料样品为115个,占89.8%;B类装饰装修材料样品为11个,占8.6%;C类装饰装修...     

Assessment of natural radionuclides and their radiological hazards in commercial granite produced in Xinjiang,China

ABSTRACT

The specific activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K of 26 samples of granite produced in Xinjiang of China were measured by a high-purity germanium detector, and their radiological hazards of radium equivalent, external hazard index, internal hazard index, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, gamma index and alpha index were evaluated. The results indicate that the overall average specific activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K obtained in the investigated samples are below the world’s average granite values. The average radium equivalent is within the recommended limit of 370?Bq?kg^?1. The results obtained further show that the mean values of external hazard index, internal hazard index, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, gamma index and alpha index are 0.65, 0.77, 111.7?nGy?h^?1, 0.55 mSv?y^?1, 0.89 and 0.23, respectively. These mean values established that radiological hazards are also found to be below the international recommended values. The results are compared with granite samples from other countries or China-Taiwan province. It can be noticed that the specific activity values of granite samples produced in China are lower or similar to that of other countries or China-Taiwan province, however there are higher specific activity values for ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in individual samples, which need to provide proper radiation monitoring before use considering the long term health effect.     

不同不耦合系数下花岗岩爆破损伤特性的离散元模拟

为研究径向装药不耦合系数对花岗岩爆破损伤程度的影响,在考虑爆炸冲击波和爆生气体共同作用的基础上,提出了一种"动"、"静"荷载混合施加的PFC爆破模拟方法,采用该方法分别进行了6种不耦合系数下花岗岩爆破过程的数值模拟。模拟结果显示,随着装药不耦合系数的增大,花岗岩爆破损伤程度先增强后减弱。耦合装药下,爆生裂纹数量为9367;不耦合系数为1.2时,裂纹数量增加至最多,为24975;不耦合系数为2.0时,裂纹数量减少为292。对比耦合装药和不耦合系数为1.4时的花岗岩损伤模式发现,爆生气体的准静态压力对爆生裂纹的扩展具有重要作用。根据不同不耦合系数下的爆生裂纹数量,建立了不耦合系数大于或等于1.2时的岩石爆破损伤程度预测模型,拟合度达0.9808。该预测模型对爆破施工设计等工作具有一定的参考意义。     

三轴情况下花岗岩动态力学特性的实验研究

针对花岗岩进行了应变速率范围为10-4～1s-1、围压范围为20～170MPa的动三轴实验。实验结果表明:花岗岩的抗压强度随应变速率的增加而增加,强度的增加幅度随围压的提高有减小的趋势,弹性模量以及泊松比与应变速率没有明确的关系;花岗岩的抗压强度随围压的增加明显增加,在不同应变速率下,这种增加趋势基本相同;随着围压的增加,花岗岩的弹性模量有小幅度增加的趋势,泊松比有小幅度减小的趋势。     

金刚石砂轮与花岗石摩擦界面能量传输特征的实验研究

研究了金刚石砂轮磨削过程中金刚石与花岗石摩擦界面的能量传输特征。用光纤辅助双色红外探测仪和三明治薄膜热电偶同时测量了磨削弧区的温度响应。通过将试验结果与解析结果进行拟合得到了传入工件的能量和传入工具的能量百分比。结果表明：用2种测温方法所得到的热量传输比例完全一致;在干磨削花岗石过程中,在摩擦界面上有60％－70％的能量传入金刚石砂轮。     

New Deposit of Mordenite–Clinoptilolite in the Eastern Region of Cuba: Uses as Pozzolans

This work describes the newly discovered zeolites in the eastern region of Cuba. In the researched area, there have been no previous studies of natural zeolite exploration. Therefore, the results shown here are new. The main object of this research is to analyse five samples of zeolites and demonstrate their pozzolanic capacity and the possibility of their usage in the industrial manufacturing of pozzolanic cements. The study of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A chemical analysis (CAQ) to determine the quality of the samples as pozzolans was performed, by determining the total SiO₂, reactive SiO₂, total CaO, reactive CaO, Al₂O₃, MgO and the insoluble residue (I.R.). Lastly, an eight-day pozzolanicity analysis (PA) was carried out to determine the pozzolanic reactivity of the samples. The results obtained by XRD, XRF and SEM established that the researched zeolite samples have two main zeolitic phases: mordenite and clinoptilolite. Altered volcanic glass, quartz and smectite (montmorillonite) are the secondary phases. The results of the chemical quality analysis (CAQ) showed that the samples contain a considerable amount of reactive SiO₂ and reactive CaO, as well as a low content of insoluble residue, which reinforces their properties as pozzolans. The results of the pozzolanicity analysis (PA) concluded that the analysed samples actively react with Ca(OH)₂ after eight days. Based on all the results mentioned above, it is established that both mordenite and clinoptilolite behave like pozzolans and can be recommended for the manufacture of pozzolanic cements, which have more effective properties than Portland cement, in terms of physical, chemical and mechanical strength, low heat of hydration, resistance to sulphates, low CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere and negligible impacts on the environment.